Unpatched Systems

• Lack the latest security updates, making them vulnerable
• Attackers exploit known vulnerabilities in unpatched systems
• To mitigate unpatched system vulnerabilities, ensure regular system updates and patches, either automatically or manually

Zero-day Vulnerabilities

• Zero-days — Unknown vulnerabilities to developers and attackers
• Security solutions like host-based intrusion prevention systems (IPS) can help detect and block suspicious activities
• Frequent system and software updates provide additional defense against potential zero-day exploits

Misconfigurations

• Occurs when system settings are improperly configured
• Standardize and automate configuration processes with configuration management tools
• Conduct periodic audits and reviews to identify and mitigate vulnerabilities due to misconfigurations

Data Exfiltration

• Involves unauthorized data transfers from an organization to an external location
• Protect against data exfiltration with encryption for data at rest and endpoint protection tools
• Endpoint protection tools can monitor and restrict unauthorized unauthorized data transfers

Malicious Updates

• Appear as legitimate security updates but contain malware or exploits
• Source updates from trusted vendors and official channels
• Maintain application allow lists, verify update authenticity with digital signatures and hashes